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- этимология
curve of stability - перевод на русский
![''Z'']] = 112](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Island of Stability.svg?width=200 "''Z'']] = 112")
![A diagram depicting predicted decay modes of superheavy nuclei, with observed nuclei given black outlines. The most neutron-deficient nuclei as well as those immediately beyond the shell closure at ''N'' = 184 are predicted to predominantly undergo spontaneous fission (SF), whereas alpha decay (α) may dominate in neutron-deficient nuclei closer to the island, and significant [[beta decay]] (β) or [[electron capture]] (EC) branches may appear closest to the center of the island around <sup>291</sup>Cn and <sup>293</sup>Cn.<ref name=KarpovSHE />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Superheavy decay modes predicted.png?width=200 "A diagram depicting predicted decay modes of superheavy nuclei, with observed nuclei given black outlines. The most neutron-deficient nuclei as well as those immediately beyond the shell closure at ''N'' = 184 are predicted to predominantly undergo spontaneous fission (SF), whereas alpha decay (α) may dominate in neutron-deficient nuclei closer to the island, and significant [[beta decay]] (β) or [[electron capture]] (EC) branches may appear closest to the center of the island around <sup>291</sup>Cn and <sup>293</sup>Cn.<ref name=KarpovSHE />")
![This chart of predicted decay modes, derived from theoretical research of the [[Japan Atomic Energy Agency]], predicts the center of the island of stability around <sup>294</sup>Ds; it would be the longest-lived of several relatively long-lived nuclides primarily undergoing alpha decay (circled). This is the region where the beta-stability line crosses the region stabilized by the shell closure at ''N'' = 184. To the left and right, half-lives decrease as fission becomes the dominant decay mode, consistent with other models.<ref name=CN14/><ref name=SHlimit />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Superheavy decay modes predicted (KTUY).svg?width=200 "This chart of predicted decay modes, derived from theoretical research of the [[Japan Atomic Energy Agency]], predicts the center of the island of stability around <sup>294</sup>Ds; it would be the longest-lived of several relatively long-lived nuclides primarily undergoing alpha decay (circled). This is the region where the beta-stability line crosses the region stabilized by the shell closure at ''N'' = 184. To the left and right, half-lives decrease as fission becomes the dominant decay mode, consistent with other models.<ref name=CN14/><ref name=SHlimit />")
общая лексика
начальная остойчивость
![[[Pierre Bouguer]]'s 1732 article studying pursuit curves](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BourguerCourbepoursuite1732.jpg?width=200 "[[Pierre Bouguer]]'s 1732 article studying pursuit curves")
![Curve of pursuit of vertices of a [[square]] (the [[mice problem]] for ''n''=4).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Four point pursuit curve.gif?width=200 "Curve of pursuit of vertices of a [[square]] (the [[mice problem]] for ''n''=4).")
теория игр
кривая погони
статистика
эпидемическая кривая
математика
кривая наискорейшего спуска
математика
брахистохрона (плоская кривая наискорейшего спуска)
сейсмология
брахистохрона
таблица продолжительностей распространения отражённых волн
математика
задача о брахистохроне
математика
плоская кривая
Определение
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Википедия
In nuclear physics, the island of stability is a predicted set of isotopes of superheavy elements that may have considerably longer half-lives than known isotopes of these elements. It is predicted to appear as an "island" in the chart of nuclides, separated from known stable and long-lived primordial radionuclides. Its theoretical existence is attributed to stabilizing effects of predicted "magic numbers" of protons and neutrons in the superheavy mass region.
Several predictions have been made regarding the exact location of the island of stability, though it is generally thought to center near copernicium and flerovium isotopes in the vicinity of the predicted closed neutron shell at N = 184. These models strongly suggest that the closed shell will confer further stability towards fission and alpha decay. While these effects are expected to be greatest near atomic number Z = 114 and N = 184, the region of increased stability is expected to encompass several neighboring elements, and there may also be additional islands of stability around heavier nuclei that are doubly magic (having magic numbers of both protons and neutrons). Estimates of the stability of the nuclides within the island are usually around a half-life of minutes or days; some estimates predict half-lives of millions of years.
Although the nuclear shell model predicting magic numbers has existed since the 1940s, the existence of long-lived superheavy nuclides has not been definitively demonstrated. Like the rest of the superheavy elements, the nuclides within the island of stability have never been found in nature; thus, they must be created artificially in a nuclear reaction to be studied. Scientists have not found a way to carry out such a reaction, for it is likely that new types of reactions will be needed to populate nuclei near the center of the island. Nevertheless, the successful synthesis of superheavy elements up to Z = 118 (oganesson) with up to 177 neutrons demonstrates a slight stabilizing effect around elements 110 to 114 that may continue in unknown isotopes, consistent with the existence of the island of stability.
